This population is repeatedly alluded to in documents and acts of inquisitorial processes against Catharism. In 1250 Gósol appears in several attestations in the episcopal archive of La Seu d'Urgell as a "place of Cathars", a "heretical" focus, a true Cathar enclave related to Josa and Castellbò but also to Tarascon d'Ariège and other places in Occitania. In 1256, Galceran de Pinós was forced to intercede with the archbishopric of Tarragona on behalf of some of his vassals from Gósol accused of Catharism.

That same year, the inquisitor Pere de Tenes and the bishop of Urgell entered the barony of Josa with an armed company. In his castle, now completely in ruins, the Cathar deacon Pere de Corona officiated with the frequent attendance of the lord of Josa, Ramon de Josa, and part of the local nobility. As a result of this interference, the inquisitorial process was reopened against Ramon de Josa, who was already dead, and whose remains were exhumed and removed from the Catholic cemetery.

In Gósol you can see the remains of the old medieval village and the castle that crowned it (11th century) and a small museum explaining rural life and the stay in the village at the beginning of the last century (1906) of the universal painter Pablo Picasso. In the main square there is the sculpture of the Dona dels Pans by Picasso and at the entrance to the town, coming from Saldes, you can see the monument to the Reapers.

In the old town, now in ruins, the castle tower, with a rectangular plan, stands out, which can be visited. Documented in the 11th century and located on a hill, the castle dominated one of the passes between central Catalonia, Alt Urgell and Cerdanya along the paths that crowned the Cadí mountain range.

Gósol offers other attractions, such as a walk through its cobbled, straight streets, or a visit to the Picasso Room, where the painter's stay in this town in the summer of 1906 is explained - and reproductions of the works he created during this period and handwritten notes by the artist are exhibited.